Eczema,  is a common inflammatory skin condition that causes dry, itching, red skin. It often appears in patches on the body and can vary in severity and presentation.

Eczema is linked to genetics, environmental factors, and an overactive immune response. While there is no cure, it can be effectively managed with regular moisturiser use, targeted topical corticosteroids during flare up episodes, and avoiding triggers like certain foods or allergens. 

Below we highlight :

• Some of the common causes of eczema
• Useful videos on tips to apply treatments
• Advice on some of the complications & general management of the condition
• Useful links to support and information
• What NHS lothian Dermatology clinics offer

Atopic dermatitis is the most common form of eczema. It often begins in childhood and is associated with a genetic predisposition to allergic conditions. Symptoms include red, itchy rashes on the face, scalp, back of knees and elbows and other parts of the body. 

Discoid Eczema also known as nummular dermatitis results in persistent round, coin-shaped patches of red, and particularly itchy skin. It is more common in older adults and commonly found on legs and arms and is often associated with dry skin.

This primarily affects the scalp, face, and upper chest. It is often characterized by scaly, greasy, yellow or white patches on the skin. In infants, it is commonly known as cradle cap.

Contact dermatitis , as the name suggests, occurs when the skin comes into contact with an irritant or allergen. There are two main types of contact dermatitis:

• Irritant Contact Dermatitis: This is caused by direct contact with substances that irritate the skin, such as harsh chemicals or soaps.
• Allergic Contact Dermatitis: This type of eczema is triggered by an allergic reaction to substances like certain metals (e.g., nickel), fragrances, or latex.

The skin is an important barrier against bacteria or viruses in our surroundings. Eczema causes breaks in the skin barrier, creating entry points for them to enter, increasing the likelihood of infection. 

How to spot an infection?

• Swelling + Redness
• Pus with Weeping
• Pain
• Splitting of the skin
• Bleeding
• Fever

It would be advisable to speak to our  clinical team urgently if you have some of the symptoms listed.

Steroid creams are the mainstay of treatment for eczema flares. They come in different strengths and preparations which our clinical team can advise which one is appropriate, frequency of application and for how long.

Sometimes, if the eczema is complicated or driven by a certain infectious cause our team would recommend steroid creams  that are combined with ingredients that have antibacterial and/or antifungal properties; for example brands such as Daktacort, Fucidin H or triple combination preparation creams like Trimovate.

Mild potency: Hydrocortisone 1%

Moderate potency: Betnovate 0.025%(beclometasone), Eumovate (clobetasone)

Strong potency: Betnovate 0.1 % (beclometasone) , Elocon (mometasone), 

Very Strong potency: Dermovate (clobetasol)

Further helpful information can be found from the National Eczema Society giving excellent advice about:

• the different types of eczema
• practical tips with living how to manage eczema
• advice for parents with children
• Advice on treatments

Itchysneezywheezy - useful information on eczema, asthma and hayfever and how to manage

British Association of Dermatologists - patient information leaflets on eczema

National Eczema Society - fact sheets on eczema

The National Eczema society have produced this helpful document to  download. It provides tips on how to live and manage day-to-day conditions related to eczema.

The booklet contains more information on:

• The types of eczema how to manage them
• How to manage and avoid itching /scratching , treating infections
• Tips on applying bandages and alternative treatments
• How to manage triggering factors for eczema

CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD THE BOOKLET